Although our study did not compare older women with and without a history of GDM, results from our previous study of postmenopausal women (n = 58) without a history of GDM [13], levels of CRP, TNFα, TNFR1, IL-6, and IL-6sR do not appear different from those of the women in the current study with a history of GDM. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is gestational diabetes.