VCL and prostate carcinoma: In prostate cancer (PCa), small EVs have been reported to contain high levels of molecules that stimulate cancer cell invasion, such as integrins β4 (ITGB4) and αvβ6, vinculin (VCL), transmembrane glycoprotein Trop-2, vimentin, and N-cadherin, well-known epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers (6, 10).