Survival analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM database using Project Betastasis (http://www.betastasis.com) confirmed that decreased PIAS3 mRNA expression in GBM was associated with poor survival (Log-rank χ2 = 4.288, P = 0.0384, Supplementary Figure 9d). Here, PIAS3 is linked to glioblastoma.