Therapeutic options for patients with metastatic melanoma have dramatically changed in the past years, with the introduction of more effective agents such as proto-oncogene, serine/theronine kinase (BRAF), mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK), and immunotherapeutic antibodies directed to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) (5–8). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is metastatic melanoma.