ATF3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor family of transcription factors, also called the cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family [6], has been linked with the biological behaviors of multiple cancers, including breast cancer [7], diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [8], prostate cancer [9, 10], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [11, 12], and Hodgkin lymphoma [13].