NPM1 mut/FLT3 wt (n = 37), NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITD (n = 30) and NPM1 wt/FLT3-ITD (n = 14) AML samples each had significantly higher expression of CD33 and CD123 compared with NPM1 wt/FLT3 wt (n = 40) AML samples, indicating that mutations of NPM1 and FLT3 are independently associated with higher expression of CD33 and CD123 compared with AML with non-mutated NPM1 or FLT3, respectively. Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.