TP53 and lung carcinoma: Errors during repair of the adducts by the DNA repair machinery generate base changes, with C > A/G > T transversions most strongly associated with smoking-associated lung cancer and responsible for the high mutational burden of these cancers as well as specific hot spot mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene that are more common in lung cancer than any other form of cancer and useful for supporting a causal relationship between smoking and cancer (Pfeifer et al. 2002).