Increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 are shown in the brains of patients with dementia (Akiyama et al., 2000; Fillit et al., 1991; Hauss-Wegrzyniak, Lynch, Vraniak, & Wenk, 2002). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is dementia.