TNFα production has an important role in host resistance as treatment with anti-TNFα therapies are associated with increased susceptibility to active TB and reactivation of latent TB infection (53) and is correlated with NTM activation in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis (54). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and ankylosing spondylitis.