Remarkably, the finding reported in the present study that high levels of NCX1 are detected in IBA-1-positive microglial cells in the striatum of A53T mice, a brain area containing abnormal deposition of α-synuclein, provides new insights into the mechanism underlying the detrimental implications of NCX1 activation in the pathophysiology of PD. This evidence concerns the gene SLC8A1 and Parkinson disease.