TGFB1 and glomerulonephritis: For example, in vivo treatment with AOs targeting the translation initiation region of the TGFβ1 mRNA resulted in reduced TGFβ1 expression and suppression of ECM expansion in the anti-Thy 1.1 antibody model of glomerulonephritis and the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis [92,93].