Among several novel cancer therapeutics, immunotherapy has recently been the center of attention in both basic medical science and clinical research communities, for its effectiveness, specificity, and adaptation to highly variant disease conditions.1, 2 The major immunotherapeutic approaches include checkpoint molecules programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.