APP and Alzheimer disease: For instance, in several cerebral amyloidosis models that mimic Alzheimer’s disease in mice, neural stem cell proliferation severely decreases [31] in part due to the elevated levels of Amyloid-beta42—a small insoluble peptide cleaved from Amyloid precursor protein, and aggregates into toxic beta-sheet structures that constitute one of the major hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology [32, 33].