TNF and alkaline phosphatase measurement: The expression of this miRNA can be induced by inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, that are released into the circulation in the initial stages of a systemic inflammatory response (O’Connell et al., 2007; Sheedy and O’Neill, 2008) and miR-155 is considered a major inflammatory mediator that is crucial in the early stages of AP development (Sheedy and O’Neill, 2008; Kurowska-Stolarska et al., 2011; Nahid et al., 2011; Tarassishin et al., 2011; Piccinini and Midwood, 2012).