Specifically, ranibizumab binds to the VEGF-A, one of the five isoforms of the VEGF family and one of the strongest inducers of vascular permeability (Yla-Herttuala et al., 2007), which showed neuroprotective effects in several in vitro and in vivo PD models (Silverman et al., 1999; Pitzer et al., 2003; Yasuhara et al., 2004; Tian et al., 2007; Yue et al., 2014). Here, VEGFA is linked to Parkinson disease.