The development of DR requires a variety of mechanisms including oxidative stress [6], PKC activation, the formation of AGEs, hexosamine flux, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, which cause faster apoptosis of retinal cells in diabetes [5] and ultimately lead to the development of DR. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.