ZMPSTE24 and atypical Werner syndrome: Along with HGPS and RD, nuclear envelope related progerias include the Atypical Werner syndrome (AWS), the Atypical Progeria syndrome (APS), the MandibuloAcral Dysplasia type A (MADA), which have been all related to mutations in LMNA, and MandibuloAcral Dysplasia type B (MADB) which has been related to mutations in ZMPSTE24. MADA is a less severe progeroid laminopathy as compared to HGPS and RD.