Interestingly, genes identified as candidates in our approach included MYO10, SERPINE1, ITGB3, ITGA5, TGFBI, VIM and MARCKS. These TGFβ-regulated genes were previously associated with increased cancer invasiveness, chemoresistance and worse clinical outcome in different cancer entities including breast, lung cancer (both LUSC and LUAD), invasive melanoma and prostate cancers12–17. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is lung cancer.