While decreasing proliferative index was identified as a factor that could be associated with decreased tumor volumes in Nintedanib group; induction of cell death by apoptosis was ruled out to play any role in Nintedanib anti-tumor effects as evidenced by no effect on cleaved-caspase 3 (c-caspase 3) positive cells in both studies (Fig. 6c). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is neoplasm.