In M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages (Supplementary Figure S6), some well-known antivirus genes involved in the innate immune response as part of the host defense response to clear viral infections were specifically upregulated, including CMPK2, OAS2, SIGLEC1, IFITM1, IFIT1 and RSAD2, and in particular IFI44L and TRIM22. These genes play an important role against HIV-1 infection in the macrophage13. Here, IFITM1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.