Serum S100β levels are also influenced by blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage (Kapural et al., 2002, Kleindienst et al., 2010, Ucar et al., 2004), as well as from other sources such as bone fractures, exercise, muscle injury, burns and melanoma (Anderson et al., 2001, Harpio and Einarsson, 2004, Koh and Lee, 2014, Mocellin et al., 2008, Mohammed et al., 2001, Pelinka et al., 2003). This evidence concerns the gene S100B and melanoma.