The haplotype (CCTTT)14/TT, formed by the expansion of the − 2.5 kb (CCTTT)n microsatellite in the NOS2A gene promoter and the -511 C ➝ T SNP of the IL-1β gene promoter, has the potential to be used as a genomic marker to identify high risk patients to developing cerebral palsy as a sequel to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and perinatal asphyxia.