The phenotypic traits considered were birth weight, birthweight centiles, mother’ s age, parity status, gestational age, cesarean section, sex of the baby, presence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (diabetes, preeclampsia and placenta praevia), pre-gestational mother weight, parents’ BMI and obesity, gestational weight increase, maternal smoking status, pre-post conception folate supplementation, blood cell composition [CD8 T Cells (CD8T), CD4 T Cells (CD4T), natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, monocytes, granulocytes], and season of birth. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is diabetes mellitus.