IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18 are the most studied members of the IL-1 superfamily in the context of autoimmune disease and have all been variously reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE (12, 13), although our own studies have also highlighted potential roles for IL-38 and, to a lesser extent, IL-37 (49, 50). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and autoimmune disease.