Additionally, in the course of PD progression RAGE levels at the BBB are increased, as well as AGE and RAGE levels in CNS cells (Dalfó et al., 2005; Ding and Keller, 2005; Kurz et al., 2011; Sathe et al., 2012), with subsequent increased neuronal death and abnormal sugar metabolism. This evidence concerns the gene AGER and Parkinson disease.