In many cases, for example in the 3 kidney cancer types in TCGA, ranking tumor types by median TIS score showed superior association to reported clinical sensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade than ranking of the same tumors by mutation load; thus, in tumor types with limited variability of mutation burden, TIS may have more predictive power than other profiling techniques. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and kidney cancer.