However, since biomarker utility also depends on how closely related the biomarker is to the mechanism of action of the drug, and since TIS measures transcriptional activity in the tumor microenvironment directly related to immune adaptive resistance, the TIS may provide additional utility in the context of mutation load, which is measuring potentially immune activating neoantigen expression, to enrich for clinical response to anti-PD1/PD-L1. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.