In brief, patients with adenocarcinoma, large cell cancer, and NSCLC not-otherwise-specified should be tested for mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and translocations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as part of a broader molecular profiling; if these factors are negative or unknown, patients should be tested for ROS1 rearrangement. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and adenocarcinoma.