The M1 subtype, which is associated with higher levels of IL-1, TNFa, IL-12, and CXCL12, is associated with the inflammatory, anti-tumor response.54–56 Our observation was therefore in line with previous work, suggesting a complementary interaction between M1 macrophages and CD8+ T cells to ameliorate pro-tumorigenic activity within cluster1 patient tumor samples. Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.