Following infection by Aspergillus fumigatus, a major cause of invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, iNKT cells produce IFNγ in response to recognition of endogenous antigens presented by CD1d, while APCs such as DCs release IL-12 in response to stimulation by β-glucan, resulting in the promotion of fungal clearance (16). The gene discussed is CD1D; the disease is infection.