HIF‐1, a complex composed of HIF‐1α and HIF‐1β, and NF‐κB (p65/p50 as the most abundant form) represent 2 major transcription factors in response to hypoxia.36 In this context, we then examined whether hypoxia activates these 2 signaling pathways in MM cells. This evidence concerns the gene RELA and Miyoshi myopathy.