Cross‐talk between HIF (HIF‐1α in particular) and NF‐κB is well‐established in certain physiological circumstances such as inflammation and immune response.35, 36, 39 As hypoxia‐induced expression of HIF‐1α and HIF‐1β was accompanied by NF‐κB activation (Figure 3), a possibility then arose that these 2 pathways might communicate to each other in MM cells, particularly under hypoxia within bone marrow microenvironment. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is Miyoshi myopathy.