NOS2 and Sepsis: Protective effects of estradiol against sepsis following hemorrhagic shock have been reported in trauma-hemorrhage-induced lung and hepatic injury by decreasing the TLR4-dependent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1α and 2) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine), as well as the induction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, neutrophil influx, and tissue damage [189–191].