The associations of intrinsic apoptotic pathways involving mitochondria—Activation, myristoylation of BH3-interacting domain (BID) and translocation to mitochondria; Activation of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and translocation to mitochondria (Fig. 1e [49, 50])—supports this view of β-cell death as a key contributor to T2D risk. Here, BBC3 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.