IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: The antiviral effects of PML were initially suggested based on the following evidence: (I) IFN treatment including type I and type II could lead to the increased expression of PML and the high numbers and the bigger size of PML NBs in the IFN-treated cells (2, 6); (II) viral infection often resulted in a disruption or distortion of the PML-NB structure.