In another more recent LCM-based transcriptomic study using ALDH1L1 rather than GFAP as astrocytic marker, the authors found an up-regulation of genes encoding both astrocytic immune response and mitochondrial machinery in the posterior cingulate gyrus—an area of abundant and early Aβ deposition—of AD patients compared to healthy subjects (Sekar et al., 2015). Here, GFAP is linked to Alzheimer disease.