We performed differential gene expression analysis between the active TB, LTBI outliers, and LTBI with outliers removed, and identified a set of 70 genes that was consistently upregulated in active TB and LTBI outliers, compared to LTBI (without outliers), in both the Berry and Leicester datasets (Fig. 9d; Supplementary Data 3), which were enriched for the IFN signalling pathway and innate immunity. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is tuberculosis.