A similar mechanism of NF-κB mediated HIF-1 upregulation may be at play in prostate cancer cells, in light of the recent report that hypoxia in the androgen-independent cell lines leads to an upregulation of the bone metastasis-linked [128,129,130] chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in an HIF-1 and NF-κB-sensitive manner [131]. Here, HIF1A is linked to prostate cancer.