Investigation of the mechanism of silencing of PVT1 or MYC in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines demonstrated reduced levels of PVT1 or MYC inhibited cell proliferation, reduced levels of PVT1 but not MYC increased cell apoptosis, indicating that increased expression of both MYC and PVT1 contributed to the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer and breast cancer pathophysiology; however, PVT1 acted independently of MYC in generation of the apoptotic phenotype [58]. Here, PVT1 is linked to breast cancer.