SPP1 and gastric cancer: In GSE15459, it was found that high mRNA expression of SERPINH1 was associated with worse OS for GC patients [24, 25], as well as COL1A1, THBS2, COL4A1, COL6A3, MMP7, COL1A2, TIMP1, SPP1, and VCAN (Fig. 4).