TNF and breast carcinoma: Our previous studies have demonstrated that RA-V has antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced NF-κB activation21; RA-V significantly suppresses angiogenesis by downregulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HUVEC and HMEC-1 endothelial cells22; RA-V kills human breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and inhibits cell adhesion and invasion via the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways23,24.