Interestingly, the SNPs showing a trend toward an association with perm-AF (rs3807989, rs10465885 and rs2200733) lie within the genes that encode proteins of atrial anatomic structures or proteins involved in their morphogenesis, that is, CAV1, Cx40 and PITX2, respectively33,34. The gene discussed is PITX2; the disease is atrial fibrillation.