Several innate immune components are activated in CKD [20–25], such as the NF-κB system, Toll-like receptors (TLRs 1–9), NOD receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome [26–29], a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex containing the NOD2 receptor and the ASC adapter, which is required for the production of caspase-1 and the consequent release of the potent proinflammatory interleukins IL-1β and IL-18 [10,25,28,29]. Here, IL1B is linked to chronic kidney disease.