Compared to oral Lm infection, i.v. Lm infection induced a significantly smaller population of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the intestine and these CD8 T cells were inefficient at rapidly differentiating into CD69+ CD103+ CD8 TRM cells, suggesting that the route of infection greatly impacts memory CD8 T cell responses in the intestine (our unpublished data). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAE and infection.