Widespread mutation and/or amplification of various genes (KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, BRAF) comprising the components of MAPK pathway or its upstream activators (RTKs, such as EGFR, MET) are correlated with constitutive activation of the pathway in a significant proportion of human cancers, including melanomas, non-small cell lung (NSCL), colorectal, and pancreatic cancers [2]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.