For instance, ECM stiffening in mammary epithelial cells was shown to activate cell cycle progression via a FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase)-Rac-Cyclin D1 pathway,61 and applying sheer stress to tumor cells can induce a G2/M arrest through αvß3 and ß1-mediated pathways,62 both of which are likely to affect integrin/FAK-dependent invasion and invadopodia assembly. The gene discussed is PTK2; the disease is neoplasm.