AHSG and alcoholic fatty liver disease: T2D patients have been documented to have higher fetuin-A concentrations than controls (Stefan et al., 2008; Ou et al., 2011; Sun et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2015), and plasma fetuin-A is independently and positively associated with a higher risk of developing T2D (Ix et al., 2008; Stefan et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2013), even after adjustment for age (Stefan et al., 2008) or exclusion of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (Ou et al., 2011).