Accordingly it was shown that adoptively transferred T cells respond to microbial antigens presented by DCs (44) and CD64+CD11bhi myeloid cells (45) and that their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as IL-23 and IL-1β is critically contributing to the formation of colitogenic Th17 cells in the syngeneic colitis setting (46–48). Here, IL1B is linked to colitis.