Accordingly, leptin and HFD induced proinflammatory high-density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in BWF1 lupus-prone mice, and leptin levels were correlated with BMI, disease activity index (SLEDAI), as well as insulin and CRP levels, all CVD risk factors, in SLE patients (Xu W.D. et al., 2014). Here, INS is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.