The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) amplification was documented to be simultaneously activated with 9p24.1 chromosome copy number amplification and upregulated PD-L1 expression in primary cancers (Figure 2), suggesting a possible transactivation between JAK2 and PD-L1 genes (Green et al., 2010; Ikeda et al., 2016; Clave et al., 2018). Here, JAK2 is linked to cancer.