PD-L1-targeted ICBT is a promising breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy, but primary and acquired resistances have presented enormous challenges in this fast-evolving area (Pardoll, 2012; Spranger et al., 2016; Zaretsky et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2017; Zhao and Subramanian, 2017). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.