TNF and neoplasm: In comparative in vitro studies using monocyte-derived DCs (MoDC) [29], it was demonstrated that the concomitant release of IFN-γ and TNF-α from activated NK-cells was clearly superior to direct stimulation with TLR3 and TLR7/8 ligands in promoting cross-presentation of cell-associated tumor antigens by monocyte-derived DCs.