Notably, recent studies indicate that activated NK-cells, by their combined production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, efficiently induce cross-presentation of cell-associated tumor antigens in human monocyte-derived DCs [29–31] and human CD141+ cDC1 [29], the latter observation highlighting a previously unknown cross-talk between NK cells and CD141+ DCs for inducing tumor cell-derived antigen cross-presentation. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.