To interrogate how the autophagy is modulated and involved in lung carcinogenesis, we analyzed the expression patterns of autophagy markers ATG3 and LC3B in human lung cancers and identified that endogenous ATG3 and LC3B are significantly repressed in all four human lung cancers relative to paired normal lung tissues (Fig. 3a). The gene discussed is MAP1LC3B; the disease is lung carcinoma.